Civil Engineer's Notebook

Calculating Internal Angles in a Traverse: Traverse : A sequence of connected survey lines forming a closed loop. Interior Angle : The angle formed between two consecutive sides of a traverse. Clockwise Traverse : The order of points is clockwise. Counterclockwise Traverse : The order of points is counterclockwise. Method: Measure the included angles using a theodolite or compass. For clockwise traverses: Subtract the smaller bearing from the larger one. If the difference is less than 180°, it’s an interior angle. If the difference exceeds 180°, it’s an exterior angle. If negative, add 360° to get the whole circle bearing. For counterclockwise traverses: Add the smaller bearing to the larger one. Follow the same rules as above. Calculating Fore Bearing and Back Bearing: Fore Bearing (FB) : The bearing of a line from the starting point to the ending point. Back Bearing (BB) : The bearing of the same line in the opposite direction. Whole Circle Bearing System (WCB) : Bearings measured cl...

  Traverse : A sequence of connected survey lines forming a closed loop. Interior Angle : The angle formed between two consecutive sides of a traverse. Clockwise Traverse : The order of points is clockwise. Counterclockwise Traverse : The order of points is counterclockwise. Method: Measure the included angles using a theodolite or compass. For clockwise traverses: Subtract the smaller bearing from the larger one. If the difference is less than 180°, it’s an interior angle. If the difference exceeds 180°, it’s an exterior angle. If negative, add 360° to get the whole circle bearing. For counterclockwise traverses: Add the smaller bearing to the larger one. Follow the same rules as above. Calculating Fore Bearing and Back Bearing: Fore Bearing (FB) : The bearing of a line from the starting point to the ending point. Back Bearing (BB) : The bearing of the same line in the opposite direction. Whole Circle Bearing System (WCB) : Bearings measured clockwise from the north direction (0° ...

Resume बनाउदा कम्तिमा राख्नुपर्ने कुराहरु [Your Name] [Your Address] [City, State ZIP Code] [Your Email Address] [Your Phone Number] ---  **Objective:** Dedicated and detail-oriented Civil Overseer with [X years] of experience in overseeing construction projects, ensuring adherence to quality standards, and maintaining a strong focus on safety. Adept at managing teams, collaborating with stakeholders, and ensuring timely completion of projects. --- **Professional Experience:** **Civil Overseer | [Company Name], [Location] | [Start Date] - Present** - Supervised construction projects from initiation to completion, ensuring compliance with design specifications, building codes, and safety regulations. - Coordinated with architects, engineers, and contractors to resolve technical issues and ensure smooth project execution. - Conducted regular site inspections to monitor progress, identify potential issues, and enforce quality control measures. - Managed a team of [X] construction work...

  # Traversing:  Surveying, which involves a series of interconnected lines, is known as traversing. The side of a traverse is referred to as a traverse leg. In traversing, the length of a line is measured with a chain tape, and angles are measured using a compass or theodolite. There are several methods of traversing: Chain traversing. Compass traversing. Plane table traversing. Theodolite traversing. Alternatively, traverses may be categorized into two types:   Open traverse: When a sequence of connected survey lines extends along the length of an object and does not return to the starting point, it is known as an open traverse or unclosed traverse. In the case of an open traverse, represented by the sequence ABCDF, these traverses are well-suited for surveys involving features such as rivers, roads, railways, transmission lines, etc.                                  ...

1. P and Q are two points 367 m apart on the same bank of a river. The bearings of a tree on the other bank observed from P & Q are N36°25’E & N40°35’W, respectively. Find the width of the river if the bearings of PQ are S86°35’E. 2. P and Q are two points 367 m apart on the same bank of a river. The bearing of a tree on the opposite bank from P and Q are N30°E and N60°W respectively. Find the width of the river if the bearings of PQ are S86°35’E. 3.  A pond obstructs the chain line AB. Two lines AP and AQ are so chosen that APQ circumscribe the obstacles, and PBQ are on the same straight line. Find the distance AB when the measurements AP = 802 m, AQ = 100 m, PB = 451 m, and BQ = 501 m are given.  4. A river is flowing from west to east. Two points, P and Q, are selected on the southern bank of the river such that the distance PQ is 100 meters. Point P is westwards. The bearings of a tree R on the northern bank are observed to be 38° and 338° respectively from points ...

 Obstacle in Chaining Sometimes obstacle in chaining occurs while doing chain surveying. Obstacle in chaining are of three kinds: (a) When chaining is free but vision is obstructed. (b) When chaining is obstructed but vision is free. (c) When chaining an vision are both obstructed.   (a) When chaining is free but vision is obstructed :- Such a program arises when a rising ground or a jungle are present. Here the end station are not intervisible. There may be of two cases: i) 1st Case The end station may be visible from some intermediate point on the rising ground. In this case, reciprocal ranging is done and the chaining is done be the stepping method.   ii) 2nd Case (Random Ranging) The end station are not visible from intermediate point when a jungle are comes across chainline.   Let AB be the actual chain line which can’t be ranged and extended because of interruption by a jungle. Le t the chain line be extended upto R. A point ‘P’ is selected on the chain ...